capital Islamabad in Mirpur District . The components include a reservor main embank ment intake embankment main emergency spillwey intake structures 5 tunnels. Besides the main a dyke called Sukian 17,000 feet in length and a small dam called jari Dam to block the jari Nala about 11miles bevond the new Mirpur towe had to be constructed. A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground stream. Dams generally serev the retanining while other structures such as floodgates or levees also known as dikes are used to manage or prevent into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped storage hydroelectricity are often used to colled water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between localtions. The word dam can be traced back to Middle english and before .
This cast of Pakistan Rs6.587 billino US£1,473 billion with the funding be provided of the Word Bank.The dam was constructed between 1961.1967 acoser the jhelum River abuot 67 miles 108 km southeasft of the pakistan capotal islambad in Mirpur District Kashmir Pakistan. The components includ a reservoir main embankment intake embankment main spillway emergency spillway intake structures t tunnels and apower station. Besides the main dam adyke called Sukian 17;000 feet in length an a small dam called Jari dam to block the Jari Nala about 11 miles beyond the new Mirpur town had to be constructed. There was a total of 120 x106 cubic yards cu yds of excavtion for the resrvoir whereas the total fill amounted to 142 x106 cu yds and concrete to 1.96 x 106 cu ydsrespectivel. The main enbankment is earthfill with clay as the core material.Gravel and A type sandstone are applied on the shoulders. The maximum height of embankment above the care trench is 454 feet and the length is 8,400 feet. The intake embankment is earthfill type with B-type sanston as the core material Gravel is applied on the shoulders. The maximum heigth of intake embankment above the core trench is 262 feet an the length is 1,900 feet.sukin dam is earthfill with B-tpe sandstone as the core material.A-typ sandstone is applied on the shouldes. The maximum height of intake embankmentabover the core trench is 144 feet and the length is 16,900 feet.Jari dam is aalso an earthfill type with silt as the core material. Gravel is applied on the shoulderged of the dam. The maximum height of Jari dam above the core trench is 274 feet and the lenght is 6,800 feet. The main spillway is a maximum capacity of 1.1 million cusecs. The emergency spillway is weir type with an erodible bund and amaximum capacity of 0.23 millio cusecs. The 5 tunnels are steel and concrete lind and 1,560 feet long in bedrock. The internal diameter ranges between26-31 feet. Jehlam River or Jhelum River Jehlam River or Jhelum River dzeɪləm Sanskri Kashmiri. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 450 miles 725 kilometers. The Sanskrit name of this river is Vitasta. The river got this name from the incident regarding the origin of the river as explained in Nilamata Purana. Goddess Parvati was requested by sage Kasyapa to come to Kashmir for purification of the land from evil practices of Pisachas living there. Goddess Parvati then assumed the form of a river in the Nether World. Then Lord Shiva made a stroke with his spear near the abode of Nila Verinag Spring.By that stroke of the spear Goddess Parvati came out of the Nether World. Shiva himself named her as Vitasta. He had excavated with the spear a ditch measuring one Vitastia particular measure of length defined either as a long span between the extended thumb and little finger or as the distance between the wrist and the tip of the fingers and said to be about 9 inches through which the river - gone to the Nether World had come out, so she was given the name Vitasta by him.The river Jhelum rises from Verinag Spring situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south eastern part of the valley of Kashmir in India. It flows through Srinagar and the Wular lake before entering through a deep narrow gorge. The Neelum River the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins it, at Domel Muzaffarabad, as does the next largest the Kunhar River of the Kaghan valley. It also connects with rest of Pakistan on Kohala Bridge east of Circle Bakote. It is then joined by the Poonch river and flows into the Mangla Dam reservoir in the district of Mirpur. The Jhelum enters the Punjab in the Jhelum District. From there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the boundary between the Chaj and Sindh Sagar Doabs. It ends in a confluence with the Chenab at Trimmu in District Jhang. The Chenab merges with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad River which joins the Indus River at Mithankot.Verinag is approximately 80 km from Srinagar, by road, at an elevation of 1,876 m. It is believed that the eponymous Verinag spring is the chief source of the river Jhelum. There is an octagonal base at the spring, surrounded by a covered passage. The Verinag spring is one of the principle tourist attractions of Verinag. The spring, which was originally shaped in a circular form was given a change of shape during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1620 when he gave orders to renovate the spring in the Mughal traditional shape of an octagon. Today, picturesque in its settings and surrounded by tall pine trees, the Verinag Spring is characterized by waters which are calm and sparklingly clear. The easiest and fastest way of reaching Verinag is by air. The nearest airport is in the Badgam District around 80 km away from the village of Verinag. Verinag is well connected to a number of other regions of Jammu and Kashmir. There are a number of well maintained roads which lead to Verinag.
Sultan Muhammad Muzaffar Khan(Bamba) Muzaffarabad is named after Sultan Muhammad Muzaffar Khan the pioneer of the Bamba clan in the region. The family has ruled Muzaffarabad for hundred of years. Further the dynasty was distributed among Sultan of Boe Sultan of Lawasi, Sultan of Kathai and Sultan of Kahori. Some of the great names belonging to the family are Sultan Matwali khan jageerdar Kathai Sultan Hassan Ali Khan jageerdar Boe and the member of parliament of joint India on the seat of landlord Sultan Qutub-ud-din Khan jageerdar Lawasi Sultan Feroz din Khan son of jageerdar Lawasi. Raja Muhammad Hussain Khan son of jageerdar Lawasi and son-in-law of jageerdar Boe Raja Muhammad Nasir Khan son of jageerdar Lawasi and secretary to Maharaja kashmir Muhammad Muzaffar Khan first Muslim judge in Kashmir. Khalid Muzaffar Khan son of Muhammad Muzaffar Khan.Raja Nassar ud din khan son-in-law of Muhammad Muzaffar Khan. Zafar Umar khan Son of Feroz din Khan sahib his cousin brother Raja Tanveer Hussain Khan Son of Muhammad Hussain Khan sahib and many more. The Neelum Valley is a Himalayan gorge in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan along which the Neelum River flows. This green and fertile valley is 250 km in length and stretches its way from Muzaffarabad all the way to Athmuqam and beyond to Taobutt. It is one of the most attractive tourists places like Swat and Chetral but due to poor road system is yet veiled to the outside world. This area was badly affected by the 2005 earthquake and was cut off from the outside world as the roads and paths were filled with rubble. Now construction of an international standard road is in progress. Neelum has had a great importance before and after the partition of India due to its beauty. Sharada Peeth was once most advanced and international standard institution during the Hindu and Buddhist era. It is named after the river Neelum which is famous for its crystal bluish and that is the reason for its name Neelum. Some traditionalists say that the valley is named after a precious stone neelum sapphire. It enters in the Neelum from Taobutt and continues its journey through narrows and mountains different streams in the way add its strength and finely tributes into river Jehlum at a spot at Domail in Muzaffarabad. There are two entrances for Neelum valley Muzaffarabad and the other by Kaghan the Julkhad Road. Generally Neelum valley starts just after Muzaffarabad but in political division the area from Muzaffarabad to Chelhana is named Kotla valley in election division. District Neelum starts from Chelhana and goes to Taobutt. The valley is famous for its lush greenery fir forests, slop hills and waterfalls. Specially in summer a large number of tourists visit the valley. Azad jummu and Kashmir tourism department and Forest Division Keren constructed Guest Houses in most important points. Good strandard hotels are also available in almost places.lt is the northernmost district a variety of languages are spoken in the district. Hindko however is the predominant language and is spoken mostly in the west and southwest towards the border with Muzzafarrabad and NWFP now Khayber Pakhtoonkhwa.Shina and Kashmiri are the predominant languages spoken in the northeastern part of the district towards the border with Baramulla, Gurez, Bandipore, Astore District and Baltistan and also in the far north on the border with Diamer District. Pashto is also spoken in a few villages on the Line of Control with Kupwara. Other languages include Gojri and the Kundal Shahi Language which is an archaic form of Shina however it is heavily influenced by Kashmiri and Hindko. The Kundal Shahi Language is spoken in a village called Kundal Shahi near Athmuqam. The language is under tremendous threat. If the current situation of language loss continues unabated it is estimated that the language will disappear in the near future. Addressing a public meeting at Hazuri Bagh Srinagar on 1 October 1947 Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah said Till the last drop of my blood I will not believe in two-nation theory. On 2 October the Working Committee of the National Conference met under Abdullah's presidency and decided to support accession to India. however Maharaja Hari Singh wanted to remain independent. Tribal forces from Pakistan attacked under the code name Operation Gulmarg to seize Kashmir. They moved along the Rawalpindi-Murree-Muzaffarabad-Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947 with Pakistani soldiers in civilian clothes. Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947 and they captured Baramulla the following day. They looted, raped killed burned and vandalised shrines and temples. According to Tariq Ali the local cinema became center. The atrocities continued for several days. Aeroplanes with Indian troops airlifted from Delhi the morning of 27 October could land at Srinagar airfield since the tribal forces were still at Baramulla.In October 1947. tribal lashkars hastened in lorries undoubtedly with official logistic support into Kashmir. at least one British Officer Harvey Kelly took part in the campaign. It seemed that nothing could stop these hordes of tribesmen taking Srinagar with its vital airfield. Indeed nothing did, but their own greed. The Mahsuds in particular stopped to loot rape and murder Indian troops were flown in and the lashkars pushed out of the Vale of Kashmir into the mountains. The Mahsuds returned home in a savage mood having muffed an easy chance lost the loot of Srinagar and made fools of themselves. Tom Cooper of the Air Combat Information Group wrote.The Pathans appeared foremost interested in looting, killing, ransacking and other crimes against the inhabitants instead of a serious military action.
